Structure of the respiratory system

The airways begin in the nose and the oropharynx. Then continue with the larynx, the trachea and bronchi. The two main bronchi, right and left, then there are more and more branches more and more small, now respiratory bronchioles lose their specific structure, as long their walls are open alveolar cavity: are formed so alveolar ducts and then the alveolar sacks . The pulmonary alveoli are a myriad of microscopic cavities in communication with the outside through the bronchial branches and form the parenchymal lung (Parenchymal : fabric which is inside an organ). 

The respiratory mucosa, and nasal tracheobronchiale, to the respiratory bronchioles, consists of an epithelium (= membrane lining the skin or mucous) mono-layered, whose total area is 60-100 sqm. (square meters), whose cells have a eyelashes whose function is to reject outside the dust inhaled with air. Interposed between the cells eyelashes are numerous glands responsible, under normal conditions, of the production of a mucous film which reaches a thickness of 5-7 microns and provides respiratory cells of the epithelium an effective protective barrier. The Current muco-cilia in fact, pushes the particles were from the nasal cavity and oral-ii polinoi pharynx, so you can have the expulsion of mucus full of bacteria and inflammating agents spontaneously or by reflex cough, sputum, which favors . 

The respiratory system is divided into two sections with meaning functional different: 

 
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  high (or first) airways which include the nose, oropharynx and trachea; 

   
 
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  low respiratory including the bronchial tree and lung parenchyma. 

   

The first allows the airways transport of bronchopulmonary all'apparato the outside and vice versa, to provide further adjustment of the flow of air input to its humidification At heating and purification . Are located in the larynx the vocal cords and is therefore ' member body to the speech . The low respiratory function are evenly distribute the air inspired the lung parenchyma through the finer bronchial branches; happens in the alveoli l ' Recruitment , From the atmospheric of oxygen and expulsion of carbon dioxide . 

The aerosol sprays particles with different diameters according to the airways to reach. In the upper airways, the particle size must be greater than 10 microns, for the lower airways, the particle size must be between 2 and 5 microns. 

MOST illness' COMMON RESPIRATORY